Multiple-series system of electrical distribution.



'No. 721,128. PATENTED FEB. 17, 1903.

I. H. LOVERIDGE &' G. D. HASKINS. I I MULTIPLE SERIES SYSTEM OFELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

APPLIOATION FILED NOV. 9, 1896.

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' F. H. LUV-BRIDGE & 0.,1). HASKINS. I

MULTIPLE SERIES SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 9, 1896.

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FL H. LOVERIDGE &' C. D. HASKINS. MULTIPLE SERIES SYSTEM OI ELECTRICALDISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 9, 1896.

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No. 721,128. 'PA'TENTED FEB. 17, 1903.

F. H. LOVERIDGE & (3., D. HASKINS. MULTIPLE SERIES SYSTEM OF ELECTRICALDISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 9, 1896.

N0 MODEL. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

UNITED STATES FREDERICK H. LOVERIDGE, or ooLDwATER,

PATENT OFFICE.

MICHIGAN, AND CHARLES D.

TRIC COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS,

A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

MULTIPLE-SERIES SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 721,128, dated February17, 1903.

Application filed November 9, 1896.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, FREDERICK I-I. LovE- RIDGE, residing at Goldwater,in the county of Branch and State of Michigan, and CHARLES D.HAsKINs,residing at Chicago,in the county of Cook and State of Illinois,citizens of the United States, have invented a certain new and usefulImprovement in Multiple-Series Systems of Electrical Distribution, (CaseNos.

19 and 12,) of which the following is a full,

clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

Our invention relates to systems of distribution in which an auxiliaryconductor is used, the translating devices being connected in seriesmultiple between the main conductors. Heretofore in sytems of thischaracter, which are automatic in their action, it has 20 been necessaryto lead the auxiliary conductor back to the source of energy or to haveabridge-circuit connecting the brushes externally, in whichbridge-circui-t'is placed some means of regulation, or to have somedevice operated automatically for shifting the regulating apparatus fromone side of the system to the other. We show one means of avoiding thecomplications, waste, and other objections to which these systems aresubject 0 in our application, Serial No. 603,339, filed August 20, 1896.In the apparatus thereinshown and described the automatic regulation issecured by an auxiliary differential device, to dispense with which isthe object 5 of our present invention, which will be more' readilyunderstood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figures1, 2, 3, and 4 represent our invention in modifications of the circuitsand ap- 0 paratus.

Like letters refer to like parts in the different figures.

We have discovered that if we connect two dynamo-electric machines withtheir fields so 5 arranged as to give constant excitation, one

of the machines being connected in series between the mains of such asystem as we have under consideration, while the other is conncctedbetween the auxiliary wire and one of Serial ITO/611,504. (N0 model.)

the mains, the two dynamo-machines being belted together or otherwisemechanically connected, that when the load is shifted from one side tothe other there will be a regulation to a certain extent for thefollowing reasons:

Referring now to Fig. 1, in which we will assume that coils b I),connected in series between the main conductors C C, are the onlyfield-coils furnishing the field excitation of the machines A A, We willsuppose that the current required to supply the translating devices onthe right-hand side of the system is the same as that required on theleft-hand side. In this case it will be evident that no current will berequired to flow over conductor D and through machine A, and, further,that no current will'flow if the potential difference at the terminalsof the machine is equal and opposed to that existing between theconductors D and C. The coils b b are so adjusted that machine A willact as a motor and drive machine A at such a speed that though it isgiving out no current the potential difference at its terminals shalljust equal that between the conductors D and C. When the system isoperating in this manner, there will be flowing in conductors C C acertain current,whicl1 is the current required to supply the translatingdevices in the branches of the system. No currcntwill flow through 8ccompensating conductor D and machine A; but enough current will flowbetween the mains and through machine A to cause it to drive machine Aat the required speed.

It now the load be increased on the righthand portion of the system, thegenerator A will be required to furnish a certain amount of current. Thepotential of the machine will gradually decrease as the output ofcurrent is increased,b'ecause ofthe internal resistance 0 of thearmature and also the decrease in the magnetic field caused by thedemagnetizing eitect of the armature-current. This defect will befurther aggravated by a decrease in the speed of the armature of themachine A, 5 which results from the decrease in the speed of thearmature of machine A. The speed of the armature of machine A decreasesby reason of the decreased counter electroinotive force that thearmature of machine A is required to furnish, due to the electromotiveforce lost in the circuit in which the armature is included. All thisresults in a fall of potential upon the right-hand side, which fall ofpotential is not so great, however, as it would he were it not for theeffect of the two dynamo-electric machines. Since the difference ofpotential between the conductors C and O is maintained constant, thefall of potential upon the right-hand side of the system is accompaniedby a corresponding rise of potential upon the left-hand side. Havingfound by experiments that these results ensue with the arrangement sofar described, we conceived the planof introducing upon thefield-magnets of the machine A a pair of similarly-wound helicesconnected in series with the armature between the two mains O 0. Uponrealizing this plan the result was found to be that the current flowingthrough the coil 0. worked in opposition to the coil 13 to diminish themagnetic field whenever a predominance exists upon the righthand side.This decrease in the strength of field results in an increase in thespeed of the armature of machine A, which in turn increases the speed ofarmature of machine A, and thereby increases the electromotive forcegenerated by the machine, whence the potential was more nearly equallydivided between the two'sides irrespective of the predominance of theload upon the right-hand side.

We found that coil a of machine A could be adjusted to a point at whichthe increasing speed would compensate for loss in potential upon theright-hand side due to the predominance of the load thereof. Further,however, we found the result from the conditions just described that ifa predominance of load should prevail upon the left-hand side the changein potential thereon would not be compensated for. We therefore providedthe coils a upon the machine A, connecting them in series with thearmature of A between the main conductors O and the auxiliary D. Uponthe introduction of coil a upon the machine A it was found to benecessary to readjust the coils Ct of machine A, whereby properregulation between the action of the machine A and the machine A waseffected, so that the predominance of load on the lefthand side would beproperly compensated for. Under these conditions it was found that theeffect of the introduction of the coil a was to compensate for anypredominance of load placed upon the left-hand side. Thus by a properproportion'ing of the coils we were enabled to maintain the potentialequal between the two sides of the series-multiple system under allvariations of load upon either side and upon both sides.

YVe have in machine A a dynamo-electric machine which is reversible atconstant speedthat is, it may be used either as a generator and willgenerate an electromotive force equal to that of the source ofelectricity or it will act as a motor upon the same difference ofpotential between its terminals,operating at practically the sameconstant speed. The same is also true ofthe machine A. It is apparent,therefore, that our invention as thus far described may be extended inits application by providing one relatively large machine A to operatetwo machines A in a series multiple system with three divisions, asshown in Fig. l.

In Fig. lwe illustrate such extended application,in which we have shownthree branches or three groups of lamps connected in multiple,one groupextending between mains Cand D, another group between D and D, and athird group between D and O, the machine A being connected between themain conductors C and C, while one each of the machines A is connectedbetween the main conductor C and compensating wire D and betweencompensating conductors D and main conductors O.

In the accompanying drawings we have traced the course of the currentunder different conditions by a system of arrows placed on the variousfigures. The arrows marked 9" indicate the course of the current whenthe load predominates on the right-hand side of the circuit-that is,between the main 0 and the compensating conductor D. Similarly, thearrows marked Z designate the course of the current when the loadpredominates on the left-hand side-that is, between the main 0 and thecompensating conductor D. Where the current maintains a constantdirection, the arrows are not given any reference-letters. In Fig. 4 thearrows marked 0 indicate the course of the current when the loadpredominates between conductors D D.

By our invention we are enabled to secure automatic regulation withoutthe waste due to the introduction of balancing resistances or othermeans of that sort and without the necessity of carrying thecompensating conductors back to the source of energy. We also avoidcomplications of working mechanism, and no manual attention is required;neither do we require a, separate engine for driving theregulating-dynamos.

\Ve have illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 differ ent connections for thewindings b b of machine A A. These modifications simply show some of themeans for producing the constant magnetizing force which is secured bythese coils.

It is obvious that various modifications of our invention can be madewithout departing from the spirit of our invention, and we do not wishto limit ourselves to the precise apparatus and circuits which we haveshown and described.

By our improved system for maintaining the potential in amultiple-series system of electrical distribution we are enabled to em-I ploy an undivided source of electricity and at the same time todispense with bridge-circuits, including the regulating devicesheretofore essential when undivided sources of electricity wereemployed. We also are enabled to equip a system in which the regulatingmeans are permanently connected in the system, switching mechanism forincluding compensating or other regulating devices being therebydispensed with. lVe believe also that we are the first to associatedynamo-electric machines with field-windings so arranged that under someconditions the windings of machine A will be acting in opposition, whilethe windings of machine A will be acting in concert, and under otherconditions the windings of machines A will be acting in opposition,while windings of machine A will be acting in concert.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a multiple-series system of electrical distribution, thecombination with a main source of current, of main and compensatingconductors between which the translating devices are connected, anarmature connected between said main conductors and in series with afield-winding which varies the magnetic field in which the armature isdisposed, a second armature connected in series with a secondfield-winding in a branch separate from the last-named circuit, thisfield-winding also varying the field in which the latter armature isdisposed, the latter armature and field-winding being in parallel withthe translating devices of one of the branches of the system, thedynamo-electric machines composed of the aforesaid armatures and fieldsassociated therewith having their rotating elements mechanically united,whereby the magnetic fields are varied inversely and the potentialthereby maintained in the several branches of the system, substantiallyas described.

2. In a multiple-series system of electrical distribution, thecombination with a main source of current, of main and compensatingconductors between which the translating devices are connected, anarmature connected between said main conductors and in series with afield-winding which varies the magnetic field in which the armature isdisposed, a second armature connected in series with a secondfield-winding in a branch separate from the last-named circuit, thisfield-winding also varying the field in which the latter armature isdisposed, the latter armature and field-winding being in parallel withthe translating devices of one of the branches of the system, a secondfield -winding associated with each of said armatures, each being incircuit with a source of current adapted to produce in said windingssubstantially uniform magnetizing power, the dynamo-electric machinescomposed of the aforesaid armatures and fields associated therewithhaving their rotating elements mechanically united, whereby the magneticfields are varied inversely and the potential thereby maintained in theseveral branches of the system, substantially as described.

3. In a multiple-series system of electrical distribution, thecombination with a main source of current, of main and compensatingconductors between which the translating devices are connected, anarmature and a fieldwinding connected in series between the mainconductors, a second armature and a fieldwinding connected in series ina branch separate from the last-named circuit, between the conductors ofone of the branches of the system, the dynamo-electric machines providedwith the aforesaid armatures having their rotating elements mechanicallyunited, substantially as described.

4. In a system ofincandescent electric lighting having main conductorsand one or more compensating conductors, a main source of electricalenergy for supplying current to the lamps, said lamps being connected inmultiple series, in combination with two dynamoelectric machines, one ofsaid machines having its armature connected across the mains and inseries with a coil of the field-magnet thereof, the other of saiddynamo-machines having its armature connected in a branch separate fromthe last-named circuit, between one of the mains and a compensatingconductor and in series with a portion of the winding of thefield-magnet thereof, said dynamomachines being self-contained andmechanically separated from the machine which is the main source ofenergy, but adapted reciprocally to drive one another according to thevariation in the load as between the different branches or portions ofthe multipleseries system, to maintain the electromotive forcepractically constant, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

5. In a system of incandescent electric light-' ing having mainconductors and one or more compensating conductors, a main source ofelectrical energy for supplying current to the lamps, said lamps beingconnected in multiple series, in combination with two dynamoelectricmachines, one of said machines having its armature connected across themains and'in series with a coil of the field-magnet thereof, the otherof said dynamo-machines having its armature connected in a branchseparate from the last-named circuit, between one of the mains and acompensating conductor and in series with a portion of the winding ofthe field-magnet thereof, said dynamomachines being self-contained andmechanically separated from the machine which is the main source ofenergy, but adapted reciprocally to drive one another according to thevariation in the load as between the different branches or portions ofthe multiple-series system, the machine, whichever it may be, which Inwitness whereof we hereunto subscribe our names this 5th day ofNovember, A. D. I:

FREDERICK H. LOVERIDGE. CHARLES D. HASKIN S. Witnesses:

JOHN W. SINCLAIR, D. W. C. TANNER.

